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A brain injury can cause you to have difficulty understanding, formulating and producing spoken or written language. Speech sounds as well as vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure and communication skills may be affected.

A speech disorder (dysarthria) can occur after a brain injury. The muscle strength and mobility of the muscles decreases, making your speech more difficult to understand.

In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, but an excess can cause many bodily processes to speed up.

In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, and a deficiency can cause many bodily processes to slow down.

An enlarged thyroid gland, also known as a goitre, is a condition in which the thyroid becomes larger than normal. It may cause no symptoms at all, but in some cases it can lead to signs that suggest an underlying condition requiring treatment.

A lump (nodule) in the thyroid gland forms when a group of cells begins to grow. These cells can be benign or malignant but in most cases, the nodule is benign.