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Scoliosis is a condition in which the spine bends sideways, creating an S- or C-shaped curve. This can cause vertebrae and ribs to deform.

Bursitis is a disruption of the movement pattern of the shoulder girdle. Overuse during prolonged activities reduces the space between the tendon (rotator cuff) and the shoulder roof (acromion).

Problems in the normal swallowing process arise from inadequate functioning of various muscle groups, structures or nerves. The swallowing disorder (dysphagia) makes it difficult to transport food or secure the airway.

There are three major salivary glands located beneath the ear, in the lower jaw and under the tongue. In addition, hundreds of small salivary glands are found in the lining of the mouth and throat. Problems can occur in these glands due to an inflammation or a tumour.

In spinal stenosis, there is a narrowing of the spinal canal. This narrowing (stenosis) puts pressure on the nerve(s) running through the spinal canal.

In spondylolysis, the vertebral arch becomes detached from the vertebral body. This can occur in the lower back due to intense practice of certain sports, but can also be discovered by chance. When the vertebra does not stay in place but shifts, we speak of spondylolisthesis.