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Reflux is a condition in which (acidic) stomach contents repeatedly flows back up into the esophagus, causing irritation and discomfort. This is often caused by a malfunctioning sphincter between the stomach and esophagus. Reflux can cause the esophagus to become inflamed.

Sweat gland inflammation, or hidradenitis, is a chronic condition that manifests as painful inflammations, lumps and abscesses. These inflammations occur mainly in areas where the skin rubs against each other such as the armpits, groin, buttocks and under the breasts.

A tailbone cyst or sacrococcygeal cyst can develop at the level of the gluteal cleft. Often this does not bother you, but if the cyst begins to inflame, further action is necessary.

An groin rupture (inguinal hernia) is a protrusion of the peritoneum through the inguinal canal, sometimes into the scrotum. A thigh rupture (femoral hernia) is located slightly lower, in the femoral canal, and is more common in women. Thigh fractures are always operated on because of the increased risk of entrapment.

Gallstones are hard, stony masses that form in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small organ under the liver that stores bile. The stones can range in size from small granules to large golf balls.

Diverticulosis is a condition in which small bulges (diverticles) form in the wall of the colon. These diverticles usually form in the lower part of the colon. When the diverticles become inflamed, we speak of diverticulitis.