Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)

Pancreatitis is a condition in which the pancreas becomes inflamed. This inflammation can be sudden or chronic. The pancreas plays an essential role in digestion and the production of insulin. Inflammation can interfere with these functions and have serious consequences.

What causes pancreatitis? 

The following factors may contribute to the cause:

  • Gallstones
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Certain medications
  • High levels of fat or calcium in the blood
  • Autoimmune diseases or infections

Symptoms

The following symptoms may occur with pancreatitis:

  • Severe, persistent abdominal pain radiating to the back
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Fever
  • Bloated abdomen
  • Yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes (jaundice) in severe cases  

Treatment

Treatment of pancreatitis depends on the cause and severity. With sudden inflammation of the pancreas, the focus is on relieving symptoms and supporting the healing. You will receive fluids and nutrition through an IV to prevent dehydration. The pancreas is given temporary rest by stopping the food intake by mouth. Hospitalization may be necessary to monitor your condition and prevent complications. If gallstones are the cause, they can be removed via an ERCP.

With chronic inflammation, lifestyle changes are necessary. Quitting alcohol and smoking prevents further damage to the pancreas. Because the pancreas produces fewer enzymes, you are given enzyme supplements to support digestion. You will be given pain medication and, if necessary, medication to regulate blood sugar if insulin production is affected.

How is the procedure performed? 

In severe cases, surgery may be necessary. The diseased part of the pancreas is then surgically removed. This surgery can often be done through keyhole surgery (laparoscopy).

Aftercare

Chronic pancreatitis often requires regular checkups with a gastroenterologist. Tailoring treatment to the cause and your needs can maximize pancreatic recovery and improve quality of life.