Adrenal gland disorders

What are adrenal disorders?

Adrenal disorders are conditions that affect the normal functioning of the adrenal glands. These glands sit on top of the kidneys and produce important hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone. These hormones play a vital role in regulating metabolism, blood pressure, the immune system, and the body’s response to stress.

Common adrenal disorders

There are several types of adrenal disorders. Some common examples include:

• Addison’s disease (primary adrenal insufficiency): A condition in which the adrenal glands produce too little cortisol and aldosterone.
• Cushing’s syndrome: A condition where the body produces too much cortisol. This often leads to weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, and may also cause high blood pressure, mood swings, and thinning of the skin.
• Phaeochromocytoma: A rare tumour of the adrenal medulla that causes excessive production of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Symptoms may include high blood pressure, headaches, palpitations, and pale skin.

Living with an adrenal disorder

Treatment depends on the specific condition. in some cases, medication is sufficient; in other cases, surgery may be necessary.