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An anal abscess is a pus-filled swelling near the anus or rectum. The abscess usually develops as a result of a bacterial infection in an anal gland.

An anal fistula is a type of tunnel that forms between the last part of the intestine (anal canal) and the skin.

An anal fissure is a wound on the anus that does not heal. This causes pain at the anus, mainly when going to the toilet and for a while afterwards.

Appendicitis is an inflammation at the beginning of the colon (appendix). It is often accompanied by severe abdominal pain. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent complications. The solution is often an appendectomy.

Biceps tendinopathy is an inflammation of the long biceps tendon, the tendon that connects the biceps muscle upward to the shoulder joint. It usually results from overuse where irritation and wear and tear processes occur. In the process, the damaged tissue in the tendon is unable to repair in time, leading to chronic inflammation.

The parathyroid glands are four small glands at the back of the thyroid gland.