Parathyroid gland disorders

The parathyroid glands are four small glands at the back of the thyroid gland.

What are parathyroid glands?

The parathyroid glands play an important role in regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. Calcium is essential for strong bones, as well as the proper functioning of muscles, the nervous system, and blood clotting.

Common parathyroid disorders

Several types of problems can affect the parathyroid glands. The most common is overactivity of the glands, known as hyperparathyroidism. Less common conditions include underactivity (hypoparathyroidism) and, rarely, a malignant tumour of the parathyroid glands. Hypoparathyroidism can also occur as a complication following thyroid surgery.

Diagnosis

Parathyroid disease is diagnosed through a comprehensive blood test, often combined with a urine analysis. Depending on the results, further tests such as an ultrasound scan or a parathyroid scintigraphy may be required.

Treatment

Underactive parathyroid glands can be treated with medication. Overproductive parathyroid glands may require surgery.