Heart valve condition

What is heart valve disease?

The heart has four valves that ensure blood flows in the correct direction. Sometimes one of these valves does not work properly. If a valve does not fully open, blood flow is restricted. A valve can also be leaking, meaning it does not close properly. As a result, blood flows backwards and the heart to work harder. 

Symptoms

The following symptoms may occur:

• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance
• Palpitations or an irregular heartbeat
• Pain or pressure in the chest
• Dizziness or fainting
• Fluid retention in the ankles, feet or abdomen

Sometimes there are no symptoms, and the heart valve disease is discovered during a routine check-up.

Cause

A heart valve condition can be present from birth or develop later in life due to wear and tear, infection or other heart conditions.

Examination

To diagnose a heart valve condition and assess its severity, the following examinations may be carried out:

• Echocardiography
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Cardiac catheterisation
• CT scan or NMR (MRI) scan

Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and its impact on the heart. In mild cases, regular follow-up may be sufficient. Medication may also be prescribed to reduce the strain on the heart.

If the condition is severe and causes symptoms, surgery may be required.