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Hallux valgus is a condition in which the big toe (hallux) stands inward (valgus). This occurs in part because ligaments are too flexible, mostly in women. The condition can be congenital (familial) or arises from frequently wearing narrow shoes. Hallux valgus is also more common in people who have flat feet.

A hallux rigidus is a painful osteoarthritis in the big toe. Wear and tear of the cartilage causes a narrowing of the joint (= osteoarthritis). This results in a painful restriction of movement.

A hammertoe or claw toe is a bent position of the toe, often the second or third toe, which eventually creates pressure and friction against the footwear.

With metatarsalgia, you have pain at the ball of the foot, just before the start of the toes.

A tailor's bunion is a deformity in which the little toe is crooked and points more toward the big toe. This creates a lump that is often painful and red from friction in the shoe.