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Hallux valgus is a condition in which the big toe (hallux) stands inward (valgus). This occurs in part because ligaments are too flexible, mostly in women. The condition can be congenital (familial) or arises from frequently wearing narrow shoes. Hallux valgus is also more common in people who have flat feet.

A hallux rigidus is a painful osteoarthritis in the big toe. Wear and tear of the cartilage causes a narrowing of the joint (osteoarthritis). This results in a painful restriction of movement.

A rotator cuff tear is a tear in the tendon sheet of the shoulder. This part of the shoulder provides the stability of the shoulder joint and the mobility of the arm.

Osteoarthritis deforms the shoulder joint, eventually causing pain, restriction of movement and a feeling of blocking. The pain is often continuous and increases after load and with changes in weather.

Biceps tendinopathy is an inflammation of the long biceps tendon, the tendon that connects the biceps muscle upward to the shoulder joint. It usually results from overuse where irritation and wear and tear processes occur. In the process, the damaged tissue in the tendon is unable to repair in time, leading to chronic inflammation.

When the tendons of the shoulder become chronically wedged between the roof of the shoulder and the upper arm, we speak of an entrapment (impingement) of the shoulder. This causes pain in the upper arm.