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A tailor's bunion is a deformity in which the little toe is crooked and points more toward the big toe. This creates a lump that is often painful and red from friction in the shoe.

In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, but an excess can cause many bodily processes to speed up.

In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, and a deficiency can cause many bodily processes to slow down.

An enlarged thyroid gland, also known as a goitre, is a condition in which the thyroid becomes larger than normal. It may cause no symptoms at all, but in some cases it can lead to signs that suggest an underlying condition requiring treatment.

The foot is a complex assembly of bones, ligaments, tendons and muscles. Problems in the foot can arise from accident, trauma, fracture or stress fracture, as well as overuse, osteoarthritis and inflammation. The shape of the foot also often plays a major role. Some conditions result from a flat or hollow foot.

Osteoporosis is a common syndrome that can cause fractures at the level of the vertebrae. These fractures are also called indentation fractures or collapsed vertebrae.