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Mucosal abnormalities in the oral cavity can appear in different colors and shapes. These abnormalities may be local or the result of a general medical condition.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that primarily affects the colon and rectum. The mucous membranes of the intestine are red, swollen, bleed easily and may sometimes have ulcers. The infestation is usually continuous and often more pronounced in the rectum.

Bowel polyps are abnormal growths that form on the lining of the colon or rectum. Most bowel polyps are benign, but some can develop into colon cancer over time. This means an early detection and removal is important.

Diverticulitis is an inflammation of small pouches in the wall of the large intestine, known as diverticula. These pouches usually develop in the lower part of the large intestine. The presence of diverticula without inflammation is called diverticulosis.

Obesity or corpulence is a medical condition in which a person has an unhealthy amount of body fat, which can lead to serious health problems.

Reflux is a condition in which (acidic) stomach contents repeatedly flows back up into the esophagus, causing irritation and discomfort. This is often caused by a malfunctioning sphincter between the stomach and esophagus. Reflux can cause the esophagus to become inflamed.