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An anal fissure is a wound on the anus that does not heal. This causes pain at the anus, mainly when going to the toilet and for a while afterwards.

Appendicitis is an inflammation at the beginning of the colon (appendix). It is often accompanied by severe abdominal pain. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent complications. The solution is often an appendectomy.

Biceps tendinopathy is an inflammation of the long biceps tendon, the tendon that connects the biceps muscle upward to the shoulder joint. It usually results from overuse where irritation and wear and tear processes occur. In the process, the damaged tissue in the tendon is unable to repair in time, leading to chronic inflammation.

The parathyroid glands are four small glands at the back of the thyroid gland.

A rupture of the upper abdomen (epigastric hernia) is a bulging of the peritoneum through an opening in the middle of the upper abdomen. This rupture often occurs spontaneously with no apparent cause. In an umbilical hernia, the peritoneum bulges through the umbilical opening. This is a common fracture that often causes few symptoms.

Central sensitization is a hypersensitivity of the pain alarm system in our brain. You experience pain despite there being no tissue damage (anymore).