Smear test
What is a smear test?
During the examination, the gynaecologist places a speculum in the vagina and uses a small brush to collect cells from the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. The collected cells are then analysed in the laboratory.
The test is not painful, but it may feel slightly uncomfortable. You may experience a small amount of bleeding afterwards.
Population screening
You can be screened for HPV through the Flemish population screening programme for cervical cancer. Since 1 January 2025, the programme has changed. You still make an appointment with your GP or gynaecologist for a smear test, but the interval between two smear tests now depends on your age.
- Are you between 25 and 29 years old? You will receive an invitation from the Centre for Cancer Detection every 3 years. In the laboratory, the smear is first checked for abnormal cells. Only if abnormal cells are found will the same sample be tested immediately for the human papillomavirus (HPV).
- Are you between 30 and 64 years old? You will receive an invitation from the Centre for Cancer Detection every 5 years. In the laboratory, the smear is first checked for HPV. Only if HPV is found will the same sample be tested immediately for abnormal cells. The examination for abnormal cells is then fully reimbursed.
Practising safe sex remains essential to protect yourself against HPV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Condoms reduce the risk of HPV and protect against other STIs, but they do not offer full protection against HPV.
You can protect yourself against HPV by having the HPV vaccination.
Why is the test carried out?
A smear test helps to detect abnormal cells early, often before you notice any symptoms. Early detection usually makes treatment simpler and more effective.
Your doctor may suggest a smear test:
- as a routine check-up
- as part of the screening programme
- if you have certain symptoms, such as abnormal vaginal bleeding
- to follow up on previous abnormal results
What should you watch out for after the test?
Contact your doctor if you:
- have persistent bleeding
- experience severe pain
- are concerned about your symptoms or the result
Your doctor or gynaecologist will be happy to discuss the best follow-up for you.
Results
The laboratory examines the cells under a microscope. Your doctor will receive the result and discuss them with you.
You can find more information in the brochure below.
Sometimes, a colposcopy is needed after an abnormal smear result.