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A cervical disc hernia or neck hernia is a bulging of an intervertebral disc at the level of the neck. This can cause nerves to become pinched.

Disc degeneration is a normal age-related phenomenon. Aging causes a number of changes in the intervertebral disc in most people. The disc starts to dry out and flatten, and cracks may develop.

Osteoarthritis of the base of the thumb (rhizarthrosis) is a condition in which the cartilage at the base of the thumb has thinned or even disappeared completely. Sometimes prolonged repetitive movements and certain work conditions can accelerate osteoarthritis.

The elbow is the joint that connects the upper and lower arm. It is a special joint because it connects one bone in the upper arm with two bones in the forearm.

Ankle osteoarthritis is the wear and tear of the cartilage in the ankle. It can result from trauma, overuse or misalignment of the foot or ankle. Sometimes it occurs spontaneously as a result of the natural aging process.

An ankle entrapment (impingement) can occur due to thickening caused by scar tissue, extra bone ingrowth (osteophytes) or prolonged (sports) overload. This causes pain and an inflammatory reaction.