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A turbinate reduction is a procedure in which the inferior turbinates (conchae) are reduced in size to improve breathing through the nose.

A sinus surgery is a procedure in which the paranasal sinuses are opened or enlarged. This helps to improve the natural drainage and ventilation of the sinuses, particularly in cases of chronic inflammation or blockage.

The removal of nasal polyps is a procedure in which benign swellings of the nasal mucosa are taken away. This improves nasal breathing and relieves chronic inflammation or breathing problems.

The ossicular chain is made up of three three tiny bones in the middle ear: the hammer, anvil and stirrup. This ossicular chain transmits sound from the eardrum to the inner ear. Damage to one or more of these bones can lead to hearing loss. In such cases, an ossiculoplasty may be performed.

The eardrum is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. It plays an important role in hearing and protects the middle ear from dirt, water and infection. A small hole or tear in the eardrum often heals on it's own, but sometimes surgical repair is needed. This operation is also called a myringoplasty.

The ear canal is the passage between the outer ear and the eardrum. In some people, this canal is naturally very narrow, or becomes narrowed due to scar tissue, infections or a skin condition. This can lead to hearing loss, recurring ear infections or difficulties when using a hearing aid. The canal can be surgically widened by means of a meatoplasty.