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The reproductive hormones play a crucial role in the development and functioning of the body.

An enlarged thyroid gland, also known as a goitre, is a condition in which the thyroid becomes larger than normal. It may cause no symptoms at all, but in some cases it can lead to signs that suggest an underlying condition requiring treatment.

The parathyroid glands are four small glands at the back of the thyroid gland.

A lump (nodule) in the thyroid gland forms when a group of cells begins to grow. These cells can be benign or malignant but in most cases, the nodule is benign.

Jaw joint pain results from irritation in the jaw joint. Symptoms range from mild to severe and can cause problems when speaking, chewing or yawning.

There are three major salivary glands located beneath the ear, in the lower jaw and under the tongue. In addition, hundreds of small salivary glands are found in the lining of the mouth and throat. Problems can occur in these glands due to an inflammation or a tumour.