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Tennis elbow (epicondylitis lateralis) is caused by an overuse of the muscles and tendons of the forearm that attach to the outside of the elbow (lateral epicondyle). These are muscles that provide stretching of the wrist and fingers.

The elbow nerve or ulnar nerve is a nerve that runs in a tunnel (cubital tunnel) on the inside of the elbow, just behind the bony protuberance. When this tunnel is narrowed, the nerve becomes pinched and symptoms develop.

An ankle entrapment (impingement) can occur due to thickening caused by scar tissue, extra bone ingrowth (osteophytes) or prolonged (sports) overload. This causes pain and an inflammatory reaction.

Cartilage defects (osteochondral lesions) of one or more bone parts of the joint can occur due to wear and tear and/or a (sports) injury. It can also occur spontaneously without any apparent cause.

A joint mouse is a loose piece of bone or cartilage. It can occur due to a cartilage defect, but is also often caused by a bone fracture or serious accident to the joint, which causes a loose piece of bone to enter the joint.

With a Haglund's exostosis, you have symptoms at the level of the attachment of the Achilles tendon. Pressure on the bone can cause this bone to thicken, creating a protrusion (exostosis).