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In spondylolysis, the vertebral arch becomes detached from the vertebral body. This can occur in the lower back due to intense practice of certain sports, but can also be discovered by chance. When the vertebra does not stay in place but shifts, we speak of spondylolisthesis.

Sports injuries are an inevitable part of the sports world. From strains and sprains to more serious injuries such as broken bones and torn ligaments. These injuries can have a significant impact on both professional and recreational athletes.

Hemorrhoids, or haemorrhoids, are a condition of the anus. Hemorrhoids are a tangle of blood vessels covered with mucous membrane within the ring of the sphincter of the anus. They form the valve of the anus. This means they are important for holding up bowel movements.

Disorders of the pituitary gland disrupt its normal function. This small hormone-producing gland, located beneath the brain, plays a key role in regulating various bodily functions through the release of hormones.

Congenital heart condition, also known as congenital heart defects, are structural abnormalities of the heart that are present at birth. These conditions range from mild defects that cause little or no symptoms to severe defects that require immediate medical treatment. A congenital heart defect is only discovered later in life.

Mucosal abnormalities in the oral cavity can appear in different colors and shapes. These abnormalities may be local or the result of a general medical condition.