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Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal condition in which bones become increasingly brittle.

Diverticulosis is a condition in which small bulges (diverticles) form in the wall of the colon. These diverticles usually form in the lower part of the colon. When the diverticles become inflamed, we speak of diverticulitis.

A diaphragmatic rupture (herniated diaphragm) is a condition in which an opening or weakening in the diaphragm allows organs to move from the abdominal cavity to the thoracic cavity.

Appendicitis is an inflammation at the beginning of the colon (appendix). It is often accompanied by severe abdominal pain. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent complications. The solution is often an appendectomy.

Reflux is a condition in which (acidic) stomach contents repeatedly flows back up into the esophagus, causing irritation and discomfort. This is often caused by a malfunctioning sphincter between the stomach and esophagus. Reflux can cause the esophagus to become inflamed.

Hemorrhoids, or haemorrhoids, are a condition of the anus. Hemorrhoids are a tangle of blood vessels covered with mucous membrane within the ring of the sphincter of the anus. They form the valve of the anus. This means they are important for holding up bowel movements.