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In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, but an excess can cause many bodily processes to speed up.

In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, and a deficiency can cause many bodily processes to slow down.

The reproductive hormones play a crucial role in the development and functioning of the body.

An enlarged thyroid gland, also known as a goitre, is a condition in which the thyroid becomes larger than normal. It may cause no symptoms at all, but in some cases it can lead to signs that suggest an underlying condition requiring treatment.

The parathyroid glands are four small glands at the back of the thyroid gland.

A lump (nodule) in the thyroid gland forms when a group of cells begins to grow. These cells can be benign or malignant but in most cases, the nodule is benign.