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Scoliosis is a condition in which the spine bends sideways, creating an S- or C-shaped curve. This can cause vertebrae and ribs to deform.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is caused by increased pressure on a nerve (median nerve) in the wrist canal, also called carpal tunnel.

Biceps tendinopathy is an inflammation of the long biceps tendon, the tendon that connects the biceps muscle upward to the shoulder joint. It usually results from overuse where irritation and wear and tear processes occur. In the process, the damaged tissue in the tendon is unable to repair in time, leading to chronic inflammation.

A cervical disc hernia or neck hernia is a bulging of an intervertebral disc at the level of the neck. This can cause nerves to become pinched.

Disc degeneration is a normal age-related phenomenon. Aging causes a number of changes in the intervertebral disc in most people. The disc starts to dry out and flatten, and cracks may develop.

Osteoarthritis of the base of the thumb (rhizarthrosis) is a condition in which the cartilage at the base of the thumb has thinned or even disappeared completely. Sometimes prolonged repetitive movements and certain work conditions can accelerate osteoarthritis.